Viruses on Prezi
Part 3
A: Smallpox is believed to have killed more people than any other infectious disease. It continued until Edward Jenner created an effective vaccine in 1796. He used a less severe form of smallpox that was found in cows. After this form was injected it triggered the immune system to fight it. This type of vaccine creates a less threatening version of a pathogen so it is able to be recognized by the body.
B: Similar pathogen vaccine- Sample of less severe form is purified to isolate virus and is injected. (Smallpox)
Attenuated vaccine- Tissue cultures grow a new strain of a virus, injected. (Measles)
Killed vaccine- Tissue grow sample which is purified and killed with formaldehyde and injected. (Polio)
Toxoid vaccine- Grow copies, purify sample, add aluminum salts, inject (Tetanus)
Subunit vaccine- Remove a segment of DNA and add it to yeast cell DNA purify the sample and inject. (Hepatitis B)
Naked- DNA vaccine- Grow copies combine with vectors and purify with bacteria, inject. (HIV)
C: 55,000 people die each year, one every 10 minutes. The rabies virus damages the brain and affects the nervous system. It is found everywhere except Antarctica, in North America the most commonly affected animals are raccoons, skunks and bats. The virus is transmitted through saliva. The current shots for humans go in the arm and is no more painful than any other shots. The best ways to avoid rabies is to get vaccinated and don't pet wild or stray animals.
Commonly affected animals include: dogs, foxes, raccoons, skunks and bats.
In humans the initial symptoms are like flu symptoms with aches and pains, the symptoms will escalate to include hallucinations, excess salivation, insomnia, heart and respiratory problems, and will lead to a comatose state and death.
D: Acyclovir slows the growth and spread of herpes, it doesn't cure it, but it does lessen the symptoms.
Part 4
Prions are variations of proteins, they are usually found outside of cells and are benign. They have no known function yet. When it moves inside the cell membranes it causes brain damage. The disease in humans is similar to Mad Cow Disease and Chronic Wasting Disease in deer. The disease has a long incubation period, it is contracted through infected foods, heredity or through random mutations in prions. The risk of contracting the disease is low in the United States, but there is no treatment if infected. Any animal that has contracted the disease should be destroyed by being incinerated at 1000 degrees Celsius or boiled in lye for more than 15 minutes and soaked in concentrated bleach. The best way to prevent it is through regular testing of meat products.
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Part 3
A: Smallpox is believed to have killed more people than any other infectious disease. It continued until Edward Jenner created an effective vaccine in 1796. He used a less severe form of smallpox that was found in cows. After this form was injected it triggered the immune system to fight it. This type of vaccine creates a less threatening version of a pathogen so it is able to be recognized by the body.
B: Similar pathogen vaccine- Sample of less severe form is purified to isolate virus and is injected. (Smallpox)
Attenuated vaccine- Tissue cultures grow a new strain of a virus, injected. (Measles)
Killed vaccine- Tissue grow sample which is purified and killed with formaldehyde and injected. (Polio)
Toxoid vaccine- Grow copies, purify sample, add aluminum salts, inject (Tetanus)
Subunit vaccine- Remove a segment of DNA and add it to yeast cell DNA purify the sample and inject. (Hepatitis B)
Naked- DNA vaccine- Grow copies combine with vectors and purify with bacteria, inject. (HIV)
C: 55,000 people die each year, one every 10 minutes. The rabies virus damages the brain and affects the nervous system. It is found everywhere except Antarctica, in North America the most commonly affected animals are raccoons, skunks and bats. The virus is transmitted through saliva. The current shots for humans go in the arm and is no more painful than any other shots. The best ways to avoid rabies is to get vaccinated and don't pet wild or stray animals.
Commonly affected animals include: dogs, foxes, raccoons, skunks and bats.
In humans the initial symptoms are like flu symptoms with aches and pains, the symptoms will escalate to include hallucinations, excess salivation, insomnia, heart and respiratory problems, and will lead to a comatose state and death.
D: Acyclovir slows the growth and spread of herpes, it doesn't cure it, but it does lessen the symptoms.
Part 4
Prions are variations of proteins, they are usually found outside of cells and are benign. They have no known function yet. When it moves inside the cell membranes it causes brain damage. The disease in humans is similar to Mad Cow Disease and Chronic Wasting Disease in deer. The disease has a long incubation period, it is contracted through infected foods, heredity or through random mutations in prions. The risk of contracting the disease is low in the United States, but there is no treatment if infected. Any animal that has contracted the disease should be destroyed by being incinerated at 1000 degrees Celsius or boiled in lye for more than 15 minutes and soaked in concentrated bleach. The best way to prevent it is through regular testing of meat products.
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